Other Ingredients

Niacinamide, also known as vitamin B3 or niacinamide-type vitamin PP, is an amide form of niacin and a member of the water-soluble B vitamin family. Niacinamide is converted from niacin in the human body and is widely found in foods such as meat, fish, grains, and nuts. As an essential nutrien...

Arbutin is a phenolic glycoside compound naturally found in plants such as bearberry, bilberry, and blueberry. Its molecular structure consists of hydroxyphenol and glucose bound together by a glycosidic bond. As a water-soluble active ingredient, arbutin can mildly inhibit tyrosinase activity,...